![A worker packages rabies vaccine at a lab at the Yisheng Biopharma company, where researchers are trying to develop a vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus, in Shenyang, in China's northeast Liaoning province, on June 9, 2020. - China has mobilised its army and fast-tracked tests in the global race to find a coronavirus vaccine, and is involved in several of the dozen or so international clinical trials currently under way. (Photo by NOEL CELIS / AFP) (Photo by NOEL CELIS/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/hero_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/hero-mobile/262d77e9da09d3638c09e4e1e3c22b034a802fbd/img.jpg)
Coronavirus, corsa al vaccino: sono in 9 i più vicini al traguardo
Almeno 92 vaccini in fase di test pre-clinici su animali, altri 40 vengono testati sull'uomo ma di questi solo 9 hanno raggiunto la fase 3, quella di inoculazione a migliaia di volontari. Secondo gli esperti ci vorranno comunque 12-18 mesi dall’inizio degli studi. Cina, Russia, Stati Uniti e Gran Bretagna sono tra i Paesi in pole position: il tracker del New York Times ha elencato i progetti più prossimi alla distribuzione
![1228456459 A laboratory technicians handles vials as part of filling and packaging tests for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, conducted on a high-performance aseptic vial filling line on September 11, 2020 at the Italian biologics manufacturing facility of multinational corporation Catalent in Anagni, southeast of Rome, during the COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel coronavirus. - Catalent Biologics manufacturing facility in Anagni, Italy will serve as the launch facility for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, providing large-scale vial filling and packaging to British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Photo by Vincenzo PINTO / AFP) (Photo by VINCENZO PINTO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/01__vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/6f9531486b014d50bd3828a84fb3faad77b3f3e0/img.jpg)
Nella risposta alla pandemia di Covid-19, sono 92 vaccini in fase di test pre-clinici su animali, mentre altri 40 vengono testati sull'uomo; di questi, però, solo 9 hanno già raggiunto la fase 3, quella di inoculazione a migliaia di volontari. Tra questi anche quello di Oxford che ha ripreso la sperimentiazione in Gran Bretagna dopo lo stop dovuto alla comparsa di un effetto indesiderato in uno dei partecipanti
Oxford-AstraZeneca: se test ok, a novembre prime dosi di vaccino in Italia![1228351401 BEIJING, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 05: A booth displaying a coronavirus vaccine candidate from China National Biotec Group (CNBG), during the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS) at Beijing Olympic Park on September 5, 2020 in Beijing, China. As China recovers from the COVID-19 epidemic, about 2,000 Chinese and foreign enterprises will participate and showcase their newest technology in public health and digital technology in the China International Fair for Trade in Services. (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/02_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/a6ce9c8fe828381f7f6b0746ea6d7dd0a152faaa/img.jpg)
Quanto ci vorrà prima della distribuzione - Gli esperti stimano che con un processo accelerato per lo sviluppo di un vaccino un candidato possa arrivare sul mercato in circa 12-18 mesi dall'inizio della fase di ideazione
Coronavirus, la denuncia di Oxfam: "Ai Paesi ricchi metà della fornitura dei vaccini"![1228351655 BEIJING, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 05: A booth displaying China's Sinovac Biotech Ltd. shows a COVID-19 vaccine candidate during the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS) at Beijing Olympic Park on September 5, 2020 in Beijing, China. As China recovers from the COVID-19 epidemic, about 2,000 Chinese and foreign enterprises will participate and showcase their newest technology in public health and digital technology in the China International Fair for Trade in Services. (Photo by Lintao Zhang/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/03_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/193ce1a1a535617d237769454baa671953d0d2ad/img.jpg)
I Paesi più avanti - Cina, Russia, Stati Uniti e Gran Bretagna sono tra i Paesi che hanno fatto i progressi maggiori nella corsa al vaccino e il tracker del New York Times li ha selezionati
Covid-19, vaccino Oxford: AstraZeneca riprende test in Gran Bretagna![1223699960 CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS - MAY 08: A view of Moderna headquarters on May 08, 2020 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Moderna was given FDA approval to continue to phase 2 of Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine trials with 600 participants. (Photo by Maddie Meyer/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/04_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/ce74f73142b1241992915607380525c39166065a/img.jpg)
Stati Uniti - La casa farmaceutica americana Moderna ha sviluppato un vaccino basato ad mRNA, che produce proteine virali nel corpo. Il governo Usa ha contribuito alle ricerche con un finanziamento di quasi 1 miliardo di dollari
Coronavirus, Bill Gates: "La pandemia finirà solo nel 2022"![1264549497 HOLLYWOOD, FLORIDA - AUGUST 07: Barbara Corral, a Nurse Practitioner, and Jose Fernando Henriquez, a research assistant, are seen in an exam room as they conduct a COVID-19 vaccination study on a patient at Research Centers of America on August 07, 2020 in Hollywood, Florida. Research Centers of America is currently conducting COVID-19 vaccine trials, implemented under the federal government's Operation Warp Speed program. The center is recruiting volunteers to participate in the clinical trials, working with the Federal Government and major Pharmaceutical Companies, that are racing to develop a vaccine to potentially prevent COVID-19. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/05_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/efc2be8e02b2acd696bc4a64474c64835c95f94e/img.jpg)
Le ricerche portate avanti in partenariato con i National Institutes of Health hanno dimostrato che il vaccino protegge le scimmie dal coronavirus. Il 27 luglio, è iniziata la fase 3 che coinvolge negli Usa 30mila persone in 89 luoghi diversi. L'11 agosto, l'amministrazione Trump ha dato un ulteriore finanziamento di 1,5 miliardi di dollari in cambio di 100 milioni di dosi, se il vaccino risulterà sicuro ed efficace
Il vaccino contro l'influenza può aumentare le difese anti-Covid? Cosa dicono gli esperti![1268932183 WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - AUGUST 27: A lab technician fills a 96 well plate with antibody tests during a visit to the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research at Victoria University on August 27, 2020 in Wellington, New Zealand. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the Government has allocated hundreds of millions of dollars of extra funding from the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, to access a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it becomes available. The funding will enable the Government to secure access to promising vaccine candidates, alongside joining initiatives such as the global COVAX Facility. The Malaghan Institute will help lead efforts to secure a COVID-19 vaccine for New Zealand as part of the newly established Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins - Pool/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/07_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/1d595314fcfd168df360ddcd5942aeb6854c458b/img.jpg)
Per questo motivo la versione tedesca del vaccino è stata scelta per la fase successiva 2/3, al via dal 27 luglio, da 30 mila volontari negli Stati Uniti, Argentina, Brasile e Germania. Sempre a luglio, l'amministrazione Trump ha stipulato un accordo da 1,9 miliardi di dollari per la consegna di 100 milioni di dosi entro dicembre e ha messo una opzione sull'acquisto di altri 500 milioni di dosi
![1259815052 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND - JULY 15: An employee takes a throat swab sample to test for Covid-19 at the COVID-19 Test Center at the University of Zurich during the coronavirus pandemic on July 15, 2020 in Zurich, Switzerland. Switzerland has largely lifted most of its coronavirus lockdown measures and has so far registered approximately 33,000 infections. (Photo by Christian Ender/Getty Images).](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/08_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/9a25caa32a8f95b3d0fa04d418228755cc415ff3/img.jpg)
Dosi anche in Giappone e Ue - Anche il Giappone ha bloccato 120 milioni di dosi e la Ue ha messo a punto l'acquisto di 200 milioni di dosi. Entro ottobre dovrebbe arrivare il parere definitivo sulla sua efficacia. Se questa ulteriore fase dovesse andare a buon fine, la Pfizer dovrà produrre in tutto 1,3 miliardi di dosi entro fine 2021
![1219964521 A worker packages rabies vaccine at a lab at the Yisheng Biopharma company, where researchers are trying to develop a vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus, in Shenyang, in China's northeast Liaoning province, on June 9, 2020. - China has mobilised its army and fast-tracked tests in the global race to find a coronavirus vaccine, and is involved in several of the dozen or so international clinical trials currently under way. (Photo by NOEL CELIS / AFP) (Photo by NOEL CELIS/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/09_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/262d77e9da09d3638c09e4e1e3c22b034a802fbd/img.jpg)
Cina - Nel Paese dove per primo è dilagato il Coronavirus sono 3 le realtà entrate nella fase più avanzata dei test. La CanSino Biologics ha sviluppato un vaccino basato sull'adenovirus chiamato Ad5, in partnership con l'Istituto di Biologia dell'Accademia delle scienze mediche militari cinese
![1213732943 This picture taken on May 14, 2020 shows a researcher at Peking University's Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics conducting tests at their laboratory in Beijing. - The Chinese laboratory says it has developed a drug it believes has the power to bring the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic to a halt, shortening the recovery time for those infected and even offering short-term immunity from the virus. (Photo by WANG ZHAO / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Qian Ye and Matthew Knight (Photo by WANG ZHAO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/10_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/0cbc9a88a2869b8d489748d1a5cc39b923bdacd7/img.jpg)
Test anche in altri Paesi - Il 9 agosto, il ministro della Sanità dell'Arabia Saudita ha annunciato che l'azienda cinese eseguirà test della fase 3 nel Paese mentre altri test sono cominciati in Pakistan
![1213732939 This picture taken on May 14, 2020 shows a researcher at Peking University's Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics conducting tests at their laboratory in Beijing. - The Chinese laboratory says it has developed a drug it believes has the power to bring the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic to a halt, shortening the recovery time for those infected and even offering short-term immunity from the virus. (Photo by WANG ZHAO / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Qian Ye and Matthew Knight (Photo by WANG ZHAO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/11_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/dc21324730d261f05d5b2ed963990fd6598c256a/img.jpg)
Il vaccino di Sinovac Biotech - La società privata cinese Sinovac Biotech sta testando un vaccino da virus inattivato, chiamato CoronaVac. Di questo vaccino la fase 3 è stata lanciata in Brasile, a luglio, e in Indonesia ad agosto. Secondo quanto riferito da alcuni media, a luglio il governo cinese ha concesso un'approvazione d'emergenza per un suo uso limitato
![1211365738 TOPSHOT - In this picture taken on April 29, 2020, an engineer works at the Quality Control Laboratory on an experimental vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus at the Sinovac Biotech facilities in Beijing. - Sinovac Biotech, which is conducting one of the four clinical trials that have been authorised in China, has claimed great progress in its research and promising results among monkeys. (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Patrick Baert (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/13_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/468f3f0dc27d28874c8e6fade150e8b64212c05f/img.jpg)
Il vaccino di Wuhan - L'Istituto di prodotti biologici di Wuhan ha sviluppato un vaccino con un virus inattivato, di cui la società statale Sinopharm ha lanciato la fase di test clinici
![1211365727 In this picture taken on April 29, 2020, an engineer looks through a microscope at monkey kidney cells as he checks tests on an experimental vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus inside the Cells Culture Room laboratory at the Sinovac Biotech facilities in Beijing. - Sinovac Biotech, which is conducting one of the four clinical trials that have been authorised in China, has claimed great progress in its research and promising results among monkeys. (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Patrick Baert (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/14_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/8fe2a314878be28a885483d7015c286c6d71b93e/img.jpg)
La stessa Sinopharm sta testando un secondo vaccino sviluppato da un virus inattivato con l'Istituto di prodotti biologici di Pechino. A luglio, per entrambi, ha preso il via la fase 3 negli Emirati Arabi Uniti, dove 5 mila volontari hanno assunto quello di Wuhan e altri 5 mila quello di Pechino
![1267071221 SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - AUGUST 19: A general view of AstraZeneca is seen during Prime Minister Scott Morrison's visit on August 19, 2020 in Sydney, Australia. The Australian government has announced an agreement with the British pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca to secure at least 25 million doses of a COVID-19 vaccine if it passes clinical trials. The University of Oxford COVID-19 vaccine is currently in phase-three testing. If the vaccine proves to be successful, Australia will manufacture and supply vaccines and will be made available for free. The project could deliver the first vaccines by the end of this year or by early 2021. (Photo by Lisa Maree Williams/Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/16_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/c6f196898544fb87d54f82057272118d89c5eca9/img.jpg)
Gran Bretagna - Il vaccino sviluppato dalla società britannico-svedese AstraZeneca con l’Università di Oxford è basato sull'adenovirus dello scimpanzé, ChAdOx1, che è risultato protetto dopo i primi test
![1228456294 A laboratory technician takes part in filling and packaging tests for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, conducted on a high-performance aseptic vial filling line on September 11, 2020 at the Italian biologics manufacturing facility of multinational corporation Catalent in Anagni, southeast of Rome, during the COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel coronavirus. - Catalent Biologics manufacturing facility in Anagni, Italy will serve as the launch facility for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, providing large-scale vial filling and packaging to British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Photo by Vincenzo PINTO / AFP) (Photo by VINCENZO PINTO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/17_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/57f7734bb963b5dc698c80ebd6d9b9c89fd8eee1/img.jpg)
A maggio, gli Stati Uniti hanno finanziato il progetto con 1,2 miliardi di dollari. È in corso la fase 2/3 in Gran Bretagna e India e in Brasile, Sudafrica e Stati Uniti procede la fase 3
![1228455691 A laboratory technician handles capped vials as part of filling and packaging tests for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, conducted on a high-performance aseptic vial filling line on September 11, 2020 at the Italian biologics manufacturing facility of multinational corporation Catalent in Anagni, southeast of Rome, during the COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel coronavirus. - Catalent Biologics manufacturing facility in Anagni, Italy will serve as the launch facility for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, providing large-scale vial filling and packaging to British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Photo by Vincenzo PINTO / AFP) (Photo by VINCENZO PINTO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/18_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/b82398825dadbba139b0abf8ba5418eb821665cd/img.jpg)
Accordo con l’Ue per la fornitura - Ad agosto, l'Unione europea ha raggiunto un accordo con AstraZeneca per la fornitura di 400 milioni di dosi se i trial saranno positivi. La società ha assicurato di aver una capacità produttiva di 2 miliardi di dosi e in India il Serum Institute ha già lanciato la produzione di milioni di dosi da utilizzare nei test
![1228456004 Aluminium vial caps are being pictured within filling and packaging tests for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, on a high-performance aseptic vial filling line on September 11, 2020 at the Italian biologics manufacturing facility of multinational corporation Catalent in Anagni, southeast of Rome, during the COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel coronavirus. - Catalent Biologics manufacturing facility in Anagni, Italy will serve as the launch facility for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, providing large-scale vial filling and packaging to British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Photo by Vincenzo PINTO / AFP) (Photo by VINCENZO PINTO/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/19_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/e4ead7e150082cbfd886d47a7d78ba8e757b6db6/img.jpg)
Lo stop alla sperimentazione - Sulla carta la società pensava di poter produrre dosi di emergenza già ad ottobre, ma il 6 settembre ha interrotto i test globali per studiare una sindrome infiammatoria scatenata in un volontario dopo la vaccinazione
![1228436184 A vial with Russia's new coronavirus vaccine is seen prior to a vaccination of a volunteer in a post-registration trials, Moscow, September 10, 2020. - Russia announced last month that its vaccine, named "Sputnik V" after the Soviet-era satellite that was the first launched into space in 1957, had already received approval. The vaccine was developed by the Gamaleya research institute in Moscow in coordination with the Russian defence ministry. (Photo by Natalia KOLESNIKOVA / AFP) (Photo by NATALIA KOLESNIKOVA/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/22_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/22ed4dac43c3c990bcfd1697981c62484e994684/img.jpg)
L'11 agosto, a sorpresa, il presidente Vladimir Putin ha annunciato l'approvazione dell'uso del vaccino, ribattezzato Sputnik V, ancora prima dell'inizio della fase 3 ma dopo critiche e avvertimenti di esperti scientifici, Mosca ha fatto passi indietro, indicando che l'approvazione era in realtà un "certificato a registrazione condizionata" all'esito positivo della fase successiva dei test clinici
![1214246060 An employee wearing protective equipment works at the production line of Russia's biotech company BIOCAD, which is developing its own vaccine against the new coronavirus and working on another one in cooperation with the country's virus research centre in Siberia, Vektor, in Strelna on May 20, 2020. (Photo by OLGA MALTSEVA / AFP) (Photo by OLGA MALTSEVA/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/23_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/c0a4a317053f5ce341586daaedd38ddd52cf4fa2/img.jpg)
Gli studi diffusi dal Gamaleya relativi alle fasi 1 e 2 hanno evidenziato che Sputnik ha prodotto anticorpi al coronavirus e lievi effetti collaterali. Nel frattempo la Russia ha negoziato accordi per fornire il vaccino ad alcuni Paesi tra cui Brasile e Messico
![1228044041 A scientist works at the mAbxience biosimilar monoclonal antibody laboratory plant in Garin, Buenos Aires province, on August 14, 2020, where an experimental coronavirus vaccine will be produced for Latin America. - Argentina will manufacture while Mexico will pack and distribute in Latin America, except of Brazil, the vaccine against COVID-19 developed by the University of Oxford and the AstraZeneca laboratory. (Photo by JUAN MABROMATA / AFP) (Photo by JUAN MABROMATA/AFP via Getty Images)](https://static.sky.it/images/skytg24/it/salute-e-benessere/2020/09/18/coronavirus-vaccino-gara/24_vaccino_covid19_getty.jpg.transform/gallery-horizontal-mobile/235dbb2c6e0e46d4d8dc2c0f3e8c068cc7964b09/img.jpg)
Australia - In Australia la fase 3 dei test, in corso presso il Murdoch Children's Research Institute - del magnate australiano Rupert Murdoch, naturalizzato americano - serve a determinare se il vaccino anti tubercolosi del Bacillo Calmette Guerin (BCG), sviluppato all'inizio del secolo scorso, può offrire una protezione parziale contro il nuovo coronavirus