Coronavirus, proseguono test su vaccini: dove vengono sviluppati e a che punto sono. FOTO

I numerosi progetti in corso, i problemi legati alle sperimentazioni, i rischi per la sicurezza connessi a una ricerca e a un percorso di sviluppo troppo affrettati: ecco dove siamo arrivati nella corsa al vaccino contro il virus. Sono almeno 190, sparsi dagli Usa alla Cina, dall'Europa all'India, i prodotti in fase di test

A researcher works on a vaccin against the new coronavirus COVID-19 at the Copenhagen's University research lab in Copenhagen, Denmark, on March 23, 2020. - At Copenhagen university, a team of about 10 researchers is working around the clock to develop a vaccine against Covid-19 that could apply for clinical trial before within nine months. The vaccine will be based on two components : the protein which is on the surface of the coronavirus, called the spike protein that researchers express in the lab and then attach it on the surface of a virus-like particle. (Photo by Thibault Savary / AFP) (Photo by THIBAULT SAVARY/AFP via Getty Images)

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Sono almeno 190 i vaccini contro il coronavirus in fase di sperimentazione in tutto il mondo e di questi sarebbero almeno 16 sono quelli che sono entrati in fase di sperimentazione clinica. Sono i dati forniti dal monitoraggio effettuato dal Milken Institute di Santa Monica, in California

Coronavirus, Speranza: “Italia al centro nella sfida per il vaccino”

This picture taken on May 23, 2020 shows a laboratory technician holding a dose of a COVID-19 novel coronavirus vaccine candidate ready for trial on monkeys at the National Primate Research Center of Thailand at Chulalongkorn University in Saraburi. - After conclusive results on mice, Thai scientists from the centre have begun testing a COVID-19 novel coronavirus vaccine candidate on monkeys, the phase before human trials. (Photo by Mladen ANTONOV / AFP) (Photo by MLADEN ANTONOV/AFP via Getty Images)

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Tra quelli che sono in fase più avanzata di sperimentazione e sono ormai abbondantemente avviati alla fase conclusiva, c'è quello dello Jenner Institute di Oxford

Coronavirus, tutti gli aggiornamenti in diretta

A scientist is at work in the VirPath university laboratory, classified as "P3" level of safety, on February 5, 2020 as they try to find an effective treatment against the new SARS-like coronavirus, which has already caused more than 560 deaths. - When most are busy developing vaccines or testing the few anti-virals available, VirPath will go after drugs used for diseases that have nothing to do with a respiratory infection such as 2019-nCoV. (Photo by JEFF PACHOUD / AFP) (Photo by JEFF PACHOUD/AFP via Getty Images)

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Il vaccino è realizzato in collaborazione con Advent Srl di Pomezia ed è in fase di sperimentazione clinica in Brasile, in Gran Bretagna e in Sudafrica

Lo speciale coronavirus

An employee wearing protective equipment works at the production line of Russia's biotech company BIOCAD, which is developing its own vaccine against the new coronavirus and working on another one in cooperation with the country's virus research centre in Siberia, Vektor, in Strelna on May 20, 2020. (Photo by OLGA MALTSEVA / AFP) (Photo by OLGA MALTSEVA/AFP via Getty Images)

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A buon punto il percorso anche in Russia. Il ministero della Difesa russo e il Centro nazionale di ricerca per epidemiologia e microbiologia del Gamalei hanno avviato la fase finale delle sperimentazioni cliniche su un vaccino contro il nuovo coronavirus

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Secondo il Ministero della Difesa russo, "un primo gruppo di volontari è stato sottoposto a trattamento per valutare la sicurezza e la tollerabilità del vaccino"

TOPSHOT - A medical worker wearing protective equipment is seen at an intensive care unit of a new hospital built to treat coronavirus patients outside the village of Golokhvastovo on April 23, 2020. - The 800-bed hospital, 70 kilometres (40 miles) south of Moscow, was inspired by a coronavirus facility in the Chinese province of Wuhan, officials said, and was built in a month. The complex is equipped with a lab and a dormitory for staff. (Photo by Yuri KADOBNOV / AFP) (Photo by YURI KADOBNOV/AFP via Getty Images)

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I dati ottenuti dal centro, ha detto il Ministero, "dimostrano che i volontari stanno formando una risposta immunitaria dopo iniezioni del vaccino"

TOPSHOT - A tourist wears a protective face mask while walking in the centre of Brussels, on March 13, 2020, amid the outbreak of COVID-19, the new coronavirus. - The Belgian Federal government announced on March 13 new measures to limit the spreading of COVID-19. Restaurants and cafes will be closed, school lessons are suspended from March 16. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD / AFP) (Photo by KENZO TRIBOUILLARD/AFP via Getty Images)

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Anche in Europa sono stati avviati nuovi prodotti che dovrebbero a breve entrare in fase sperimentale. I ricercatori dell'Università di Lovanio, in Belgio, dichiarano di aver sviluppato un vaccino candidato contro il nuovo coronavirus, chiamato "RegaVax", adattando un vaccino contro la febbre gialla

TOPSHOT - A researcher works on a vaccine against the new coronavirus COVID-19 at the Copenhagen's University research lab in Copenhagen, Denmark, on March 23, 2020. - At Copenhagen university, a team of about 10 researchers is working around the clock to develop a vaccine against Covid-19 that could apply for clinical trial before within nine months. The vaccine will be based on two components : the protein which is on the surface of the coronavirus, called the spike protein that researchers express in the lab and then attach it on the surface of a virus-like particle. (Photo by Thibault Savary / AFP) (Photo by THIBAULT SAVARY/AFP via Getty Images)

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"Se tutto procede secondo i piani, vogliamo iniziare i primi test clinici sull'uomo prima della fine dell'anno", ha dichiarato Kai Dallmeier, uno dei ricercatori che hanno lavorato al vaccino belga

Three potential coronavirus, COVID-19, vaccines are kept in a tray at Novavax labs in Gaithersburg, Maryland on March 20, 2020, one of the labs developing a vaccine for the coronavirus, COVID-19. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS / AFP) / The erroneous mention[s] appearing in the metadata of this photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS has been modified in AFP systems in the following manner: [Gaithersburg] instead of [Rockville]. Please immediately remove the erroneous mention[s] from all your online services and delete it (them) from your servers. If you have been authorized by AFP to distribute it (them) to third parties, please ensure that the same actions are carried out by them. Failure to promptly comply with these instructions will entail liability on your part for any continued or post notification usage. Therefore we thank you very much for all your attention and prompt action. We are sorry for the inconvenience this notification may cause and remain at your disposal for any further information you may require. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images)

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Anche negli Stati Uniti c'è fermento nella ricerca. Il governo ha infatti ammesso il prodotto elaborato da Novavax tra quelli ammessi al programma Warp Speed, lanciato con l'obiettivo di accelerare la realizzazione e poi la sperimentazione dei vaccini contro il coronavirus

Dr. Nita Patel, Director of Antibody discovery and Vaccine development, lifts a vial with a potential coronavirus, COVID-19, vaccine at Novavax labs in Gaithersburg, Maryland on March 20, 2020, one of the labs developing a vaccine for the coronavirus, COVID-19. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS / AFP) / The erroneous mention[s] appearing in the metadata of this photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS has been modified in AFP systems in the following manner: [Gaithersburg] instead of [Rockville]. Please immediately remove the erroneous mention[s] from all your online services and delete it (them) from your servers. If you have been authorized by AFP to distribute it (them) to third parties, please ensure that the same actions are carried out by them. Failure to promptly comply with these instructions will entail liability on your part for any continued or post notification usage. Therefore we thank you very much for all your attention and prompt action. We are sorry for the inconvenience this notification may cause and remain at your disposal for any further information you may require. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images)

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Oltre un miliardo e mezzo è il finanziamento riconosciuto alla società Novavax per sviluppare un vaccino e preparare 100 milioni di dosi entro il 2021. L'esborso coprirà tutti i costi di test, produzione e distribuzione del futuro prodotto

BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL - MARCH 24: Bruno Cassaro de Andrade, a chemical engineering student, works with a test during the method of separating specific proteins to be applied in the production of vaccines on March 24, 2020 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The Ministry of Health convened The Technological Vaccine Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais laboratory to conduct research on the coronavirus (COVID-19) in order to diagnose, test and develop a vaccine. According to the Ministry of Health, as of Tuesday, March 24, Brazil has 1.891 confirmed cases of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and at least 34 recorded deceases. (Photo by Pedro Vilela/Getty Images)

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Quello con Novavax è il maggior accordo mai raggiunto fino a ora tra un ente pubblico e un privato. I maggiori fino a poche settimane fa erano quelli stipulati dall'agenzia Barda con Astrazeneca (1,2 miliardi) e Johnson & Johnson (un miliardo)

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Una questione che preoccupa in merito allo sviluppo del vaccino è la fretta che in tutto il mondo le autorità sanitarie e le aziende stanno dimostrando nel tentativo di arrivare a un prodotto efficace. A preoccupare è il fatto che un percorso di sviluppo così accelerato non ha precedenti, e comporta potenziali rischi

A medical volunteer wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) gear takes temperature reading of a woman during a medical screening for the COVID-19 coronavirus, at a residential society in Mumbai on July 10, 2020. - Hospitals in densely populated cities such as Mumbai and Delhi are struggling to cope with the epidemic, and the country now has around 720,000 infections -- the world's third-highest. (Photo by Punit PARANJPE / AFP) (Photo by PUNIT PARANJPE/AFP via Getty Images)

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A sollevare il caso sono state anche le autorità indiane: l'Accademia delle scienze del Paese considera le tempistiche indicate dalle aziende locali "irragionevoli e senza precedenti"

HIALEAH, FL - AUGUST 08: Barbara Dale, a school nurse, prepares an immunization needle for a child August 8, 2007 in Hialeah, Florida. The free immunization is part of the Miami-Dade County Health Department's program to help children heading back to school. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

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Le aziende indiane attualmente in lizza per la ricerca di un vaccino efficace sono sei, e dalla scorsa settimana il governo ha accordato alle due imprese Bharat Biotech e Zydus Cadila il permesso di avviare la sperimentazione sugli esseri umani

A researcher works on virus replication in order to develop a vaccine against the coronavirus COVID-19, in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on March 26, 2020. - The Ministry of Health convened The Technological Vaccine Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais laboratory to conduct research on the coronavirus COVID-19 in order to diagnose, test and develop a vaccine. (Photo by Douglas MAGNO / AFP) (Photo by DOUGLAS MAGNO/AFP via Getty Images)

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Molti scienziati ritengono che sia assurdo pensare di dimostrare l'efficacia e la sicurezza di un vaccino in meno di 2 mesi e che ci sia il rischio che un vaccino così sviluppato possa essere inefficace o avere effetti collaterali dannosi

TOPSHOT - In this picture taken on April 29, 2020, an engineer looks at monkey kidney cells as he make a test on an experimental vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus inside the Cells Culture Room laboratory at the Sinovac Biotech facilities in Beijing. - Sinovac Biotech, which is conducting one of the four clinical trials that have been authorised in China, has claimed great progress in its research and promising results among monkeys. (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Patrick Baert (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI/AFP via Getty Images)

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Sta affrontando alcuni problemi, intanto, uno dei prodotti più promettenti, il vaccino cinese della Cansino, che era stato avviato alla sperimentazione anche sui militari dell'Esercito Popolare di Liberazione

TOPSHOT - In this picture taken on April 29, 2020, an engineer works at the Quality Control Laboratory on an experimental vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus at the Sinovac Biotech facilities in Beijing. - Sinovac Biotech, which is conducting one of the four clinical trials that have been authorised in China, has claimed great progress in its research and promising results among monkeys. (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI / AFP) / TO GO WITH Health-virus-China-vaccine,FOCUS by Patrick Baert (Photo by NICOLAS ASFOURI/AFP via Getty Images)

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Questo vaccino viene prodotto inserendo la proteina spike del coronavirus in un comune virus del raffreddore chiamato adenovirus 5, che può infettare l'uomo ma è stato modificato in modo da non potersi più replicare

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In uno studio riportato il 13 giugno su Lancet, si legge che il vaccino di CanSino ha innescato la produzione di anticorpi contro la proteina Spike. Ma molti volontari avevano già anticorpi preesistenti contro l'adenovirus, sollevando preoccupazioni che ciò potesse indebolire la loro risposta al vaccino