Covid, Ebola, Peste, Zika: le 20 epidemie e pandemie monitorate dall'Oms

L’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità indica le malattie, più e meno diffuse, che nel mondo continuano a essere monitorate. Oltre a quelle più note, come il Colera, l’influenza e la Sars, ce ne sono alcune meno “famose” come la Tularemia, la Chikungunya e la febbre della Rift Valley

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Oltre a quella di Covid, sono diverse le epidemie e pandemie che l’Oms (Organizzazione mondiale della sanità) segnala nel suo sito nella pagina “emergenze”, molte con pochi casi all'anno ma comunque sotto osservazione. Sono in tutto 20, e vanno dal Colera all’Ebola, dalla meningite a Zika, fino a quelle meno conosciute come la Tularemia e la Chikungunya

La lista dell'Oms

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L'elenco dell'Oms inizia con Chikungunya, una malattia trasmessa dalle zanzare diffusa in Africa e in Asia che di tanto in tanto affiora anche in Europa, Italia compresa. Lo scorso 9 febbraio in Congo è stato dichiarato un nuovo focolaio, e in totale ogni anno ci sono diverse centinaia di migliaia di casi

Dal primo caso ai contagi: le tappe del coronavirus

Vibrio cholerae bacteria revealed in the 22371x magnified scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image, 2005. Image courtesy Centers for Disease Control (CDC) / Janice Haney Carr. (Photo by Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images)

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Poi il Colera, i cui casi sono in forte diminuzione in tutto il mondo, ma che conta comunque circa 500mila contagi l'anno

Dalla Peste all'Influenza Spagnola, le pandemie più gravi della storia

An Indian veterinary doctor holds up a vial of ticks in the village of Kolat, Sanand district some 40 kms from Ahmedabad on January 19, 2010. A rare disease known as Congo fever has claimed its first victims in India, officials said, after a patient, her doctor and a nurse all died in the western state of Gujarat. The deadly virus, which has the full name Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), is found in Africa, the Middle East and eastern Europe, and is normally spread by ticks. AFP PHOTO / Sam PANTHAKY (Photo credit should read SAM PANTHAKY/AFP via Getty Images)

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L'elenco prosegue con la febbre emorragica Congo-Crimea, una malattia molto diffusa causata da un virus (Nairovirus) della famiglia Bunyaviridae, trasmesso da zecche del genere Hyalomma

Da Sars a Ebola: i virus più pericolosi degli ultimi 25 anni

June 14, 2019 - Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo - An Ebola placard at Beni airport warns passengers of the symptoms of Ebola in Goma..DR Congo is currently experiencing the second worst Ebola outbreak in recorded history. More than 1,400 people have died. (Credit Image: © Sally Hayden/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire)

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Monitorata anche l’Ebola: è attivo un focolaio in Guinea. (Foto: Ipa)

epa05176081 An undated handout picture made available by Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) on 23 February 2016 shows a Black Headed flying fox (top) and a Grey Headed flying fox (bottom) at an unknown location, Australia. According to media reports on 23 February 2016, CSIRO studied the Australian black flying fox in a research on immune systems using new techniques that could lead in providing defense to humans from deadly diseases such as Ebola, Hendra virus, and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that bats host. The new findings will help designing vaccines and treatments. EPA/CSIRO AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND OUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

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Poi il virus Hendra, trasmesso da pipistrelli e associato a un'infezione altamente fatale nei cavalli e nell'uomo

La distribuzioe di vaccini antinfluenzali Ospedale Militare di Baggio, Milano, 8 Novembre, 2020. ANSA/Andrea Fasani

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Sembrano buone per ora le notizie sull'influenza, che nell'emisfero nord quest'anno è ferma grazie alle misure contro il coronavirus

Poster of Lassa fever in front of Gbagada General Hospital, after Lassa fever outbreak death toll hits 70 in Nigeria, in Lagos February 14, 2020. (Photo by Olukayode Jaiyeola/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

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Della lista fa parte la febbre Lassa, che fa parte del gruppo delle febbri emorragiche virali

This Electron Micrograph Depicts A Number Of Marburg Virions Responsible For Causing Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever. Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Is Caused By A Genetically Unique Zoonotic, I. E. , Animal Borne, Rna Virus Of The Filovirus Family; Its Recognition Led To The Creation Of This Virus Family. The Ebola Viruses Are The Only Other Known Members Of This Virus Family. (Photo By BSIP/UIG Via Getty Images)

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Anche il virus Marburg causa una febbre emorragica, ed è anch'esso sotto osservazione

Foto LaPresse - Claudio Furlan
30/01/2017 Milano ( IT )
Cronaca
Partite le vaccinazioni antimeningococco presso l Ospedale Fatebenefratelli

Photo LaPresse - Claudio Furlan
30/01/2017 Milano ( IT )
News
Meningococcus vaccine at Fatebenfratelli Hospital in Milan

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Poi la meningite, che continua a fare 5 milioni di casi l'anno e che è stata oggetto anche di una risoluzione per l'eradicazione entro il 2030 da parte della World Health Assembly

epa05122136 A Thai man wears a protective mask as he walks next to a sign giving information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), at the Bamrasbaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi province, on the outskirts of Bangkok, Thailand, 24 January 2016. Thailand identified its second case of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), the public health minister said on 24 January 2016. The patient, a 71-year-old man from Oman, arrived in Thailand on 22 January, and was quarantined at an infectious diseases institute. Thai health authorities were working to track down people who might have had contact with the man, including airline passengers and crew and a taxi driver, Public Health Minister Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn said. EPA/NARONG SANGNAK

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È ancora attivo anche il virus Mers, “parente” della Sars e del Sars-CoV-2, avverte l'Oms

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Nel 2020 sono stati segnalati anche casi di vaiolo delle scimmie (Monkeypox), un virus simile a quello del vaiolo anche se meno grave, in 15 Paesi del mondo

epa07623735 Medical staff wearing full protective suits stand at the entrance to the isolated ward of the Ernakulam Government Medical College in Kochi, Kerala, India, 04 June 2019. A 23-year-old college student was confirmed in Kerala to have been infected with Nipah virus, the state health minister said on the day. Nipah virus, which spreads through fruit bats, was confirmed by the Kerala government health department and some 86 people, who came in contact with the infected patient, are said to be under surveillance. There is no vaccine to prevent Nipah virus. EPA/PRAKASH ELAMAKKARA

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Fra le zoonosi oggetto di attenzione c'è anche il virus Nipah, trasmesso dai maiali

epa08252657 An undated handout picture made available by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) shows a scanning electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2 (round blue objects) emerging from the surface of cells cultured in the lab (issued 27 February 2020). SARS-CoV-2, also known as 2019-nCoV, is the virus that causes COVID-19. The virus shown was isolated from a patient in the USA. The novel coronavirus is on the verge of spreading across the world as more cases are emerging outside China with outbreaks in South Korea, Italy and Iran. EPA/NIAID- RML/NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

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Nella lista dell’Oms anche la pandemia di Covid-19

Bubonic plague smear demonstrating the presence of Yersinia pestis bacteria, 1965. Bipolar staining of a plague smear prepared from lymph aspirated from an adenopathic lymph node, or bubo, of a plague patient. Image courtesy CDC/Margaret Parsons, Dr. Karl F. Meyer. (Photo by Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images).

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In tutti i continenti tranne l'Oceania, segnala l'Oms, sono segnalati anche casi di peste (di origine batterica), che oggi è curabile con i comuni antibiotici

Electron Micrograph Of The Rift Valley Fever Virus. Rift Valley Fever Rvf Virus Is A Member Of The Genus Phlebovirus In The Family Bunyaviridae, First Reported In Livestock In Kenya Around 1900. (Photo By BSIP/UIG Via Getty Images)

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Della lista fa parte anche la febbre della Rift Valley, malattia trasmessa dalle zanzare

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Poi la Sars, di cui non si registrano casi da diversi anni, ma che è ancora oggetto di attenzione da parte delle autorità sanitarie

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Nella lista anche il vaiolo, che sebbene sia stato eradicato è ancora oggetto di piani di preparedness in caso di ritorno

epa03367656 A handout image made available on 22 August 2012 from the Centers for Disease Control showing a uniformly-scattered grouping of deceased mosquitoes, which was about to undergo a laboratory analysis in order to determine the specie specific distribution within this collected population. Mosquitoes are known to be integral in the spread of what are known as arboviral diseases to humans including malaria, West Nile virus, Dengue fever, and yellow fever, just to name a few. The CDC is reporting that there have currently been 1,100 cases of West Nile Virus reported in the US in 2012, more than ever reported at this point in the year since the virus was first recorded in the US in 1999. EPA/CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL / HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

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Presente nell’elenco anche la Tularemia, una zoonosi batterica che causa una malattia di tipo febbrile

Net cages containing mosquitos pictured in the secured rooms of the Insect Pest Control at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Seibersdorf, Austria, 10 February 2016. Male insects, which transmit diseases such as Zika, Dengue and yellow fever, are to be sterilised at this location. Photo: JAN GOTT/dpa

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L’Oms monitora anche la febbre gialla, una malattia virale, talvolta mortale, trasmessa dalle zanzare. (Foto: Ipa)

03.02.2016., Croatia, Zagreb - South America spread the epidemic of zika virus carried by mosquitoes. virus is manifested by pain in the joints and severe headaches. Mosquito on the computer screen.
Photo: Davor Puklavec/PIXSELL

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Infine il virus Zika, protagonista nel 2015 di una pandemia che ha interessato anche l'Europa e che comunque è rimasta endemica in Sudamerica. (Foto: Ipa)