Covid, vaccini: ecco tutti quelli disponibili e quelli in arrivo

Al momento sono otto in tutto i vaccini anti Coronavirus: tre già utilizzati in Europa e in Italia, mentre per gli altri cinque si attende il via libera definitivo che potrebbe arrivare già nelle prossime settimane. Si tratta di una piccola parte dei 67 sieri sviluppati a tempo di record in tutto il mondo e che sono in corso di sperimentazione sull'uomo. A questi l'Oms aggiunge i 174 che stanno ancora affrontando la sperimentazione pre-clinica

epa08890831 Registered Nurse Elsa Methipara prepares a vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine before it is administered to medical staff at the Cook County Health Department in Chicago, Illinois, USA, 17 December 2020. The dose is the first of two required to offer protection from the Covid-19 virus. EPA/TANNEN MAURY

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Sono attualmente otto i vaccini anti Covid-19: i primi tre già disponibili in Europa e in Italia, e altri cinque che potrebbero arrivare in Ue e nel nostro Paese già nelle prossime settimane e nei prossimi mesi

Covid, pillole di vaccino

epa08887796 US Navy Corpsman Roman Silvestri holds a syringe and vial containing the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine as he prepares to administer the vaccine to a healthcare worker, at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (NMCP) in Portsmouth, Virginia, USA, 16 December 2020. NMCP is in the first round of military treatment facilities to receive the vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under an emergency use authorization and cleared by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use with individuals 16 years-old and older. Nicknamed the 'First and Finest', NMCP has the distinction of being the first naval hospital in the United States. EPA/MICHAEL REYNOLDS

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Si tratta però di una piccola parte tra i 67 candidati vaccini che in un tempo record sono stati progettati in tutto il mondo, e che sono in corso di sperimentazione sull'uomo

Covid-19, il vaccino in Italia e nel mondo: DATI E GRAFICI

A laboratory technicians handles vials as part of filling and packaging tests for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, conducted on a high-performance aseptic vial filling line on September 11, 2020 at the Italian biologics manufacturing facility of multinational corporation Catalent in Anagni, southeast of Rome, during the COVID-19 infection, caused by the novel coronavirus. - Catalent Biologics manufacturing facility in Anagni, Italy will serve as the launch facility for the large-scale production and supply of the University of Oxfords Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222, providing large-scale vial filling and packaging to British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca. (Photo by Vincenzo PINTO / AFP) (Photo by VINCENZO PINTO/AFP via Getty Images)

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A questi, secondo la lista aggiornata stilata dall'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (Oms), si aggiungono 174 candidati vaccini che stanno ancora affrontando la sperimentazione pre-clinica

Lo speciale Coronavirus

epa08890319 The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine being prepared prior to a vaccine event at Kaiser Permanente Capitol Hill Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, 17 December 2020. Emergency Medical System (EMS) and frontline healthcare workers are being vaccinated against Covid-19. EPA/SHAWN THEW

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Dei tre vaccini anti Covid-19 già disponibili in Europa e in Italia, il primo a essere stato approvato è stato quello della Pfizer-BioNTech

epa08890923 Vials of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine are displayed as staff await to be vaccinated at the Redwoods, a skilled nursing facility in Mill Valley, California, USA, 17 December 2020. EPA/DAVID ODISHO

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Il vaccino Pfizer-BioNTech, secondo i dati finora diffusi, arriva a dare una protezione del 95% a 12 giorni dalla somministrazione della seconda dose

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Il secondo in ordine di approvazione è stato il vaccino dell'americana Moderna, che dà una protezione confrontabile al vaccino precedente

(FILES) In this file photo a man receives a dose of the Moderna coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine at a vaccination site at South Bronx Educational Campus, in the Bronx New York on January 10, 2021. - US biotechnology firm Moderna on January 25, 2021 said lab studies showed its Covid-19 vaccine would remain protective against variants of the coronavirus first identified in the United Kingdom and South Africa. "The study showed no significant impact" on the level of neutralizing antibodies elicited against the UK variant, B.1.1.7. (Photo by Kena Betancur / AFP)

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L’azienda sta anche studiando la possibilità di somministrare una terza dose per aumentare ulteriormente la risposta immunitaria contro le nuove varianti del virus Sars CoV2

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Ha poi ricevuto il via libera il vaccino di AstraZeneca, che raggiunge un'immunità intorno al 60% dopo due dosi, che possono esse somministrate con un intervallo che può andare da quattro a 12 settimane

Vaccini anti Covid, Aifa approva AstraZeneca

epa08970505 A health worker prepares to administer a Oxford-AstraZeneca developed vaccine produced by the Serum Institute of India (SII) during the 2nd day of vaccination campaign at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in Dhaka, 28 January, 2021. According to the Bangladesh Health authority, the vaccination program for Covid-19 on trial has begun at five government hospitals across the Dhaka city. EPA/MONIRUL ALAM

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Anche l'Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (Aifa) ha approvato il vaccino AstraZeneca con l'indicazione per l'utilizzo preferenziale dai 18 ai 55 anni

WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - AUGUST 27: A lab technician fills a 96 well plate with antibody tests during a visit to the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research at Victoria University on August 27, 2020 in Wellington, New Zealand. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that the Government has allocated hundreds of millions of dollars of extra funding from the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, to access a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it becomes available. The funding will enable the Government to secure access to promising vaccine candidates, alongside joining initiatives such as the global COVAX Facility. The Malaghan Institute will help lead efforts to secure a COVID-19 vaccine for New Zealand as part of the newly established Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins - Pool/Getty Images)

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Nelle prossime settimane è atteso l'ok dell'Agenzia Europea dei Medicinali (Ema) per il vaccino della Johnson & Johnson

Covid, Johnson & Johnson: "Vaccino monodose efficace al 66%"

epa08892065 A handout picture made available by Novavax CZ shows a worker at the Novavax CZ production plant near Prague, in Bohumile, Czech Republic, 12 August 2020 (issued 18 December 2020). The EU on 17 December said it had concluded talks with Novavax about the acquisition of the company's potential corona vaccine. The proposed contract with Novavax would give the bloc the opportunity to buy 100 million doses in a first step - with the option of a further 100 million later on. US company Novavax purchased Praha Vaccines in May 2020 to manufacture components of its coronavirus vaccine. EPA/NOVAVAX CZ HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES

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Più in là potrebbe essere la volta di un altro vaccino americano, quello della Novavax

epa08973818 A nurse shows the vaccine against covid-19 to apply it to doctors and health workers, after the arrival of the first 20,000 doses of the Russian Sputnik V, at the Japanese Hospital of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 29 January 2021. The nurse with sixteen years of experience in the intensive care area was the first to receive the vaccine, which was also applied to more than a dozen 'front line' medical officials in the face of the pandemic. EPA/JUAN CARLOS TORREJON

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Non si esclude, poi, che l'Europa possa dare il via libera al vaccino russo Sputnik e a quello dell'azienda cinese Sinovac

Researchers at work in the ReiThera's laboratories , company is working on second phase of the anti-Covid vaccine named ''GRAd-CoV2'', Castel Romano, outskirts of Rome, on 8 Jannuary 2021. ANSA/FABIO FRUSTACI

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All'orizzonte in Italia c'è poi il vaccino della Reithera, l'azienda di Castel Romano (Roma) nella quale lo Stato italiano ha deciso di entrare con capitale pubblico, e che potrebbe essere disponibile da settembre

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Quelli finora citati sono vaccini molto diversi fra loro: alcuni messi a punto con tecnologie utilizzate per la prima volta, come quelli che utilizzano la molecola di Rna messaggero, come quelli di Pfizer e Moderna

epa08890835 Registered Nurse Elsa Methipara prepares the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for Dr. Emanuel Ogele to receive his inoculation at the Cook County Health Department in Chicago, Illinois, USA, 17 December 2020. The dose is the first of two required to offer protection from the Covid-19 virus. EPA/TANNEN MAURY

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Sono i primi a essere giunti al traguardo dell'approvazione da parte delle autorità che ne regolamentano l’utilizzo, in una situazione mai sperimentata finora